Re: Top ten brightest satellites

From: Dr. T.S. Kelso (TS.Kelso@celestrak.com)
Date: Wed May 19 2010 - 22:06:03 UTC

  • Next message: Bob King: "Re: Top Ten brightest satellites"

    Ed,
    
    As you point out, the list on Chip's site is probably based on the list 
    on CelesTrak at http://celestrak.com/NORAD/elements/visual.txt (although 
    that list does not contain magnitude information). That list was created 
    at the request of Jay Respler, but I really haven't received any 
    suggested additions or deletions for some time.
    
    I am certainly willing to take inputs from anyone on this list as to how 
    to update that list. Just let me know if I can help.  - TS
    
    Dr. T.S. Kelso
    CelesTrak, http://celestrak.com
    E-Mail: TS.Kelso@celestrak.com
    
    
    
    Ed Cannon wrote:
    > Bob King wrote:
    >
    > "I'm writing about the easiest satellites to see 
    > with the naked eye and would like the list's help 
    > on what you think are the brightest 10 or so out 
    > there after the space shuttle and space station. 
    > These satellites should be in high inclinations 
    > so they're visible most places around the world."
    >
    > Well, first, I suggest including Iridium flares,
    > since they are near-polar inclination and 
    > predictable and just about the brightest 
    > satellite phenomena of all.  (However, if they 
    > are not flaring, Iridium payloads are faint.)
    >
    > Beyond that, if you mean just payloads and not 
    > spent launch vehicles, etc., for sure four of 
    > the brightest payloads (after ISS and HST) are 
    > the (classified) Lacrosses:
    >
    > 21147, 91-017A - Lacrosse 2 
    > 25017, 97-064A - Lacrosse 3
    > 26473, 00-047A - Lacrosse 4
    > 28646, 05-016A - Lacrosse 5
    >
    > Lacrosse 5 sometimes does a disappearing act on 
    > a pass.
    >
    > The three big (classified) Keyhole payloads are 
    > sometimes very bright (but often faint).  
    >
    > 24680, 96-072A - USA 129
    > 26934, 01-044A - USA 161
    > 28888, 05-042A - USA 186
    >
    > In fact, many payloads in sun-synchronous orbits
    > can be very bright at times, but you just have 
    > to be lucky or figure out how to predict when 
    > they will be bright.  Envisat is one of these.
    > In our summer here at latitude 30 north, in the
    > evenings there are quite a few sun-synch objects 
    > that will flare very brightly in the vicinity of 
    > the Big Dipper, or at least in the northwest.
    >
    > A couple of objects that are very interesting 
    > because when they are brightest they sparkle 
    > are USA 32 and USA 81.  When they do this, they 
    > are fantastic when observed with magnification.
    > >From latitude 30 north at least, they generally
    > do their naked-eye sparkling relatively near 
    > to the highest point in a pass (culmination).
    >
    > 19460, 88-078A - USA 32
    > 21949, 92-023A - USA 81
    >
    > If you run predictions from day to day, there 
    > are from time to time objects that will go over
    > at low height and range and so are quite bright
    > on those passes (given a good phase angle).  
    > The Russians have a very large low-height 
    > object in orbit from time to time that is under
    > 200 miles.  I can't recall what they are called,
    > but usually they are in orbit for only four 
    > months or so.
    >
    > Now, if you include spent launch vehicles, then 
    > most Zenit vehicles (Russian, SL-16) and many 
    > Long Marches (Chinese, Chang Zheng or CZ or LM) 
    > are quite bright as long as you don't have bad 
    > luck.  (Bad luck is when they are pointing at 
    > you, so that you don't get a good reflection.)
    >
    > The oldest easily visible object is 00694, 
    > 63-047A, Atlas Centaur 2, but it's in a 
    > low-inclination orbit and also due to tumbling
    > slowly is very faint about half the time.  It's
    > in an eccentric orbit and so can be seen at 
    > times from higher latitudes, but of course 
    > isn't as bright then since it's farther away.  
    > That's also true of the Milstar 3 Centaur 
    > (25724, 99-023A) which after 11 years is still 
    > tumbling every couple of seconds or so.
    >
    > Sometimes the OAO 1, 2, and 3 launch vehicles,
    > which I believe are Atlas Centaurs, do very 
    > bright passes (but sometimes very faint, so 
    > that I wonder if they are tumbling very slowly).
    >
    > The list that Ralph referenced used to be 
    > maintained, by Jay Respler I believe, but as
    > Russell pointed out is now out-of-date due to
    > not including any recent objects.  (This is 
    > somewhat like my list of flashing geosynchs, 
    > which I have failed to update for a few years.)
    >
    > Rainer Kracht used to maintain a list of 
    > 40 to 50 brightest objects, but that's another
    > list that we don't have anymore.
    >
    > If you go to Mike McCants' website and get 
    > his MCNAMES file (mcnames.zip) from this page:
    >
    > http://www.io.com/~mmccants/tles/index.html
    >
    > then you can, using Excel or something like
    > that, manipulate the file so as to sort it 
    > on the fourth column of numbers, which is 
    > the intrinsic magnitude.  The brightest ones
    > are magnitude 3.5 or brighter.  ("V" means
    > visually observed and "d" means theoretically
    > derived magnitude.)  Of course you need to 
    > know their orbits also, for your purposes.  
    > Centaurs are intrinsically bright but are 
    > 10th magnitude in geosynch orbits!  So you
    > want only ones in low orbits.  You can use
    > his Quicksat magnitude file in the same way.
    > It's qsmag.zip on this page:
    >
    > http://www.io.com/~mmccants/programs/index.html
    >
    > It at least identifies geosynchs and eccentric
    > orbit objects with "g" and "h" flags, so that
    > you can exclude those.  (And the "d" flag is
    > for ones no longer in orbit.)
    >
    > Hope that helps some.
    >
    > Ed Cannon - Austin, Texas, USA
    >
    >
    >
    >       
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    >   
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