Greg Roberts <grr@da.saao.ac.za> said: >I find the mail referring to geostationary satellite visual observations >of great interest. For the past 20 years I have been observing these >satellites using either a 30 inch or 20 inch reflector at our Sutherland >observing outstation of the South African Astronomical Observatory. <snip> >Norad catalog numbers 19688,21139,22653,23331 and 23686 corresponding to >ASTRA 1A,1B,1C,1D and 1E. Objects 19688 and 23331 appear to be the >brightest and are suspected of being the two that merge every night. I >suspect the faintest satellite is #22653. However I would imagine these >satellites are all of similar if not identical size so the variations in >brightness amongst them are due to reasons other than physical size. Actually they are different models and do vary greatly in size. Astra 1A is a GE-4000 spacececraft bus Astra 1B is a GE-5000 Astras 1C through 1F (1F scheduled for launch in a couple of weeks on a Proton) are based on the Hughes HS-601 bus. There are different variations in the HS-601, and at least one Astra has much larger solar panels than the others in the series. The satellites are all basically box-shaped with fold-out solar wings in the up/down direction, and two large circular antennas - one for transmitting and one for receiving. Philip Chien, Earth News - space writer and consultant PCHIEN@IDS.NET __ __^__ __________ | \ +---/ \---+ (========= |____\___________ +---\_____/---+ // >____)| | \__ \ \______//___ >/ |________| \ [ _____\ >|____________________\ \_______/ Roger, go at throttle up CHR$(32) the final frontier