Artemis Translunar insertion burn visibility Europe (Re: Artemis II: magnitude estimates)

From: Marco Langbroek via Seesat-l <seesat-l_at_lists.seesatmail.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Mar 2026 16:58:54 +0100
A note that the transLunar orbit insertion burn at 3 April ~00:01 UTC (duration
5m 45s) might be visible from Europe. It will generate a sunlit exhaust cloud
that could be visible in binoculars, perhaps even naked eye.

I have checked for our new TU Delft MISO telescope site and we have it 11 deg
above our horizon (the Netherlands, 52N): more south in Europe will have it
higher in the sky.

- Marco


------
Dr Marco Langbroek
Lecturer in optical Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

TU Delft, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
section Astrodynamics and Space Missions
------


Op 28-3-2026 om 13:13 schreef Ted Molczan via Seesat-l:
> Artemis II is scheduled for launch from KSC on 2026 Apr 01 at 22:24 UTC. Mission duration is 10 days.
>
> JPL Horizons has ephemerides of the spacecraft. I did not check Horizons for any other pieces from
> the launch.
>
> https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html
>
> Horizons does not have magnitude estimates for Artemis II, so I have made rough estimates.
>
> Based on dimensions published by NASA, I have estimated standard magnitude (1000 km range, 90 deg phase
> angle) of 4.6 for the Orion spacecraft, and 3.9 for the final stage of the SLS booster plus spacecraft
> adapter. The estimated uncertainty of both is 2 magnitudes.
>
> Below are magnitude estimates for a variety of ranges, for 100% illumination and 50% illumination. Since
> Horizons states range in astronomical units, I have done likewise and included the km equivalent.
> Note: Horizons uses the term delta for range.
>
>        Range       Estimated Magnitude
>     AU        km   100% Ill.  50% Ill.
> 0.00001	  1496	 4.2     5.5
> 0.00002	  2992	 5.7     7.0
> 0.00003	  4488	 6.6     7.9
> 0.00004	  5984	 7.2     8.5
> 0.00005	  7480	 7.7     9.0
> 0.00006	  8976	 8.1     9.4
> 0.00007	 10472	 8.5     9.7
> 0.00008	 11968	 8.7    10.0
> 0.00009	 13464	 9.0    10.2
> 0.00010	 14960	 9.2    10.5
> 0.00020	 29920	10.7    12.0
> 0.00030	 44879	11.6    12.9
> 0.00040	 59839	12.2    13.5
> 0.00050	 74799	12.7    14.0
> 0.00060	 89759	13.1    14.4
> 0.00070	104719	13.5    14.7
> 0.00080	119678	13.7    15.0
> 0.00090	134638	14.0    15.2
> 0.00100	149598	14.2    15.5
> 0.00110	164558	14.4    15.7
> 0.00120	179517	14.6    15.9
> 0.00130	194477	14.8    16.0
> 0.00140	209437	15.0    16.2
> 0.00150	224397	15.1    16.3
> 0.00160	239357	15.2    16.5
> 0.00170	254316	15.4    16.6
> 0.00180	269276	15.5    16.7
> 0.00190	284236	15.6    16.9
> 0.00200	299196	15.7    17.0
> 0.00210	314156	15.8    17.1
> 0.00220	329115	15.9    17.2
> 0.00230	344075	16.0    17.3
> 0.00240	359035	16.1    17.4
> 0.00250	373995	16.2    17.5
> 0.00260	388954	16.3    17.5
> 0.00270	403914	16.4    17.6
>
> Uncertainty = 2 magnitudes
> Subtract 0.7 mag for rocket body
>
> Happy hunting!
> Ted Molczan
>
>
>
>
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--
----
Dr Marco Langbroek

e-mail:    marco_at_langbroek.org
web:       www.langbroek.org
Twitter:   _at_Marco_Langbroek
----

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Received on Sat Mar 28 2026 - 08:59:10 UTC

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